Форум » Материалы » Нан-Мадол » Ответить
Нан-Мадол
Лена М.: Арина Александровна Лебедева (МАЭ РАН). "Высокие стены" Каролинских островов (вопросы истории и культуры Микронезии) // Ойкумена. Регионоведческие исследования, 2009, 2(9), 10-20. [quote] На востоке Каролинских островов существует два древних мегалитических сооружения. Наиболее известен из них Нан Мадол. Он состоит из девяноста двух искусственных островков, расположенных близ побережья о. Понапе. Комплекс включает стены, захоронения, платформы и другие строения, сооруженные из крупных базальтовых блоков. Подобные же стены находятся на островке Леле возле о. Кусаие. Статья посвящена проблеме изучения этих памятников. Автором собраны и проанализированы различные источники для того, чтобы познакомить читателей с уникальным явлением истории и культуры Микронезии. Ключевые слова: археология, история, культура, мегалитические сооружения, Микронезия[/quote] 1. Вольневич Я. Люди и атоллы. М.: Наука, 1986. 224 с. 2. Литке Ф.П. Путешествие вокруг света, совершенное по повелению государя и императора Николая I на военном шлюпе Сенявине в 1826, 1827, 1828 и 1829 годах Флота Капитаном Федором Литке. Ч. II. СПб.: В типографии III отделения Собственной Е.И.В. Канцелярии, 1835. 282 с. 3. Стингл М. По незнакомой Микронезии. М.: Наука, 1978. 272 с. 4. Christian F. W. Exploration in the Caroline islands // The Geographical Journal. 1899. Vol. XIII. №2. P. 105-131. 5. Fraser J. G. The belief of immortality and the worship of the dead. Vol. 3: The belief among the Micronesians. London, 1924. 6. Galipaud J.-C. Antiquity of settlement in the Central Carolines. New date from Pohnpei // Micronesia. Visiones des de Europa. Madrid, 2004. P. 43-55. 7. Hambruch P. Elf Jahre in Australien und auf der Insel Ponape. Erlebnisse eines irischen Matrosen in den Jahren 1822 bis 1833 von James F.О Connel. Aus dem Englichen ubersetzt und herausgegeben von Professor Dr. Paul Hambruch. Berlin: August Scherl G.m.b.H., 1929. 240 S. 8. Hambruch P. Ponape. Ergebnisse der Sudsee-expedition 1908-1910. Bd. 7. Hamburg: Friederichsen, de Gruyter&Co. m.b.H., 1932. 376 S. 9. Ayres W. Nan Madol, Madolenihmw, Pohnpei: http://darwing.uoregon.edu/~wsayres~/ 10. Resture J. About Nan Madol: http://www.Ourpacificocean.com Лебедева Арина Александровна — кандидат исторических наук, Музей антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) Российской академии наук В принципе, текст работы у меня наличествует...
Ответов - 2
Лена М.: Dickinson W.R., Shutler R. Implications of Petrographic Temper Analysis for Oceanian Prehistory // Journal of World Prehistory, 2000, 14, 3, 203-266. Petrographic examination of prehistoric Pacific potsherds in thin section allows robust distinctions to be drawn between indigenous temper sands derived from islands where sherds were collected and exotic temper sands derived from other islands, except that calcareous temper sands of reef detritus are undiagnostic of origin. Ceramic transfer or movement of ceramic raw materials from island to island can be detected because small islands serve as virtual point sources of noncalcareous terrigenous sands, and local island geology is controlled by systematic and well-known geotectonic patterns. Prehistoric Oceanian pottery was made locally on multiple islands, rather than being dispersed from a discrete number of ceramic centers, but limited ceramic transfer was widespread within nearly all island groups.As temper analysis is independent of ceramic typology, sherd tempers in common with obsidian artifacts and other manuports provide unambiguous physical evidence for migration, trade, or exchange within and between island groups. KEYWORDS: Lapita; Oceania; Pacific; petrography; potsherds. William R. Dickinson - из Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona Richard Shutler, Jr - из Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University
Лена М.: Bryson R.U. Ceramics and spatial rchaeology at Nan Madol, Pohnpei Degree: Ph.D. Degree Year: 1989 Institute: University of Oregon Adviser: Williams S. Ayres Nan Madol consists of a complex of archaeological sites located along the east coast of Pohnpei Island in the Federated States of Micronesia. It served as the seat of Pohnpei's Saudeleur dynasty of paramount chiefs which unified the island''s independent polities in later prehistoric times. The complex has received considerable scientific study in recent years but many aspects of its construction and occupation are not fully understood. The research presented here integrates several related lines of evidence into a coherent picture of its occupation and evolving function through time. An essentially continuous building sequence is documented, beginning with islets which are described by oral historians as priestly residences, followed by ritual sites, and culminating in chiefly residences. Surface artifact distributions are applied to broad questions about the suitability of surface assemblages for archaeological interpretation and specific questions about local site formation processes. It is argued that results of surface artifact analyses may be successfully applied to the interpretation of even the complex archaeological questions posed by Nan Madol. Spatial data must first be screened to remove the "background noise" generated by site formation processes. The effects of tidal inundation are considered in this light. Ceramics are important to an understanding of how Micronesia was settled and have been utilized to demonstrate trade and exchange relationships. An obstacle to an areal synthesis based on pottery is the lack of comparable ceramic data sets. Nan Madol ceramics are considered with this in mind and are analyzed to approach the question of why that apparently successful technology was abandoned before contact. Finally a model of peer polity interaction is applied to the available archaeological and oral traditional data to assess its applicability to socio-political change on the island. It is suggested that an assumption of a vertically integrated socio-political hierarchy on Pohnpei at the time of Nan Madol does not accurately reflect the continuity of local polity autonomy and may not be useful in the interpretation of changes in the island''s socio-political complexion that must have taken place prior to the rise of the Saudeleurs.
полная версия страницы