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OxJA 24(4)2005: The Anatolian trade Network and the Imzir Region During the Early Bronze Age
Îëåã: Vasif Sahoglu (Ankara University, Department of Archaeology). The Anatolian trade Network and the Imzir Region During the Early Bronze Age // Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 2005, 24, 4, 339–361. Summary The monumental Early Bronze Age settlement at Liman Tepe (Levels VI–IV) (predecessor of the classical site of Klazomenai), on the southern shore of the Gulf of Izmir, is a good indication of the emergence of settlements with centralised organisation on the west coast of Anatolia. Similar developments can also be followed in Troy at the northernmost limit of the western coastline, on the islands of the north and east Aegean, and at the inland site of Küllüoba in north-west Anatolia. Over a much wider geographical area, extending from south-eastern Anatolia via central and western Anatolia, the islands of the east Aegean, the Cyclades, and mainland Greece, a distinctive set of cultural features emerged at the end of Early Bronze Age II. An explanation of the cultural changes taking place along the west Anatolian coastline at this time should thus be sought in the perspective of this wider sphere. These features can be summarised as follows: • organised settlement structures indicating the presence of a central authority; • monumental fortification systems; • large settlements with citadels and lower towns; • first introduction of wheel-made pottery (mass production); • first appearance of certain new pottery shapes such as depas, tankard, twohandled cup, wheel-made plate, incised pyxis, cutaway-spouted jug and ‘Syrian bottles’; • first examples of tin bronzes. These cultural changes, appearing suddenly in a wide geographical range at approximately the same time, can only be explained by the presence of wide international contacts. The character and the nature of these relations are becoming clearer as recent excavations yield new information. This paper aims to shed new light on the nature of the Anatolian Trade Network (ATN) period in the light of new archaeological data from Liman Tepe and Bakla Tepe located on the west Anatolian coastline. The importance of the Izmir region as a bridge between the land trade routes of Anatolia and the sea trade routes of the Aegean and various effects of this unique location on the region’s cultural development are discussed.
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Îëåã: Lou Schmitt, Stephan Larson, Corinna Schrum, Irika Alekseeva, Matthias Tomczak and Krister Svedhage. ‘Why They Came’; The Colonization of the Coast of Western Sweden and its Environmental Context at the End of the Last Glaciation // Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 2006, 25, 1, 1–28. Summary In this paper we will bring into view new aspects of Late Palaeolithic and early Mesolithic research on the west coast of Sweden. In doing so, we make use of oceanography and tidal modelling, in conjunction with basic research in the fields of archaeology and palynology. The focus of research concerns the Hensbacka culture group in central Bohuslän, a group of hunter-gatherers which visited the area between c.10,300–9300bp (10,200/10,000–8500 cal BC). Recent investigations indicate that the frequency of Hensbacka sites in the archipelago of central Bohuslän, which at that time had a total land area of c.500 sq km, might well represent the highest site density area in northern Europe during a c.1000-year period of time at the close of the Late Glacial and beginning of the early Post Glacial. In the pages that follow, we will discuss how, and why, this ‘seasonal colonization’ was possible.
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Îëåã: Lou Schmitt, Stefan Larsson, Jan Burdukiewicz, John Ziker, Krister Svedhage, Jeanette Zamon, Holger Steffen. Chronological insigts, cultural changes, and resource exploitation on the west coast of Sweden during the late palaeolithic / early mesolithic transition // Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 2009, 28, 1, 1-27. In this paper, we attempt to shed light on a probable cause of cultural change via a new avenue of approach. In brief, the paper represents a micro-study that addresses the Ahrensburgian culture group during the close of the Late Palaeolithic in north central Europe, and its relationship to the Hensbacka group found in central Bohuslan on the coast of western Sweden. Although we do not disagree that environmental conditions are a 'prime mover' of cultural change, we hold that it is not the only 'mover'. In addition, we also discuss the distinct possibility that the term 'microlithization' cannot be used as a synonym for the Mesolithic. The foundation of our micro-study is based on interdisciplinary concepts from the fields of archaeology, economic anthropology, geosciences, and marine zoology.
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